Munyika yekugadzira uye indasitiri, iyo nzvimbo yakave yakashandurwa nekusingaperi nekuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi.Kwemakumi emakore, maindasitiri otomatiki akashanduka kubva kune yakapusa mechanization kuenda kune yakaoma masisitimu inotungamirwa nehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) uye marobhoti.Mune ino blog post, isu tichatora rwendo kuburikidza nenguva yekuongorora inonakidza shanduko yeindasitiri otomatiki.
Mazuva Ekutanga: Mechanization uye Industrial Revolution
Mbeu dzemaindasitiri otomatiki dzakadyarwa panguva yeRevolution Revolution yekupera kwe18th nekutanga 19th century.Yakaratidza shanduko yakakosha kubva kumabasa emaoko kuenda kumichina, ine zvigadzirwa zvakaita sejenny yekuruka uye chirukwa chemagetsi chiri kushandura kugadzirwa kwemachira.Mvura uye simba rehutsi zvakasungirirwa kutyaira michina, kuwedzera kushanda uye kubudirira.
Kuuya kweMitsetse Yemagungano
Kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 kwakapupurira kubuda kwemitsara yegungano, yakapayona naHenry Ford muindasitiri yemotokari.Kusuma kwaFord kwemutsetse wegungano unofamba muna 1913 hakuna kungo shandura kugadzirwa kwemotokari asi zvakare kwakaisa muenzaniso wekugadzirwa kwevanhu vakawanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana.Mitsetse yeGungano yakawedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedzwa kwemitengo yevashandi, uye kubvumidzwa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakamira pachiyero.
Kusimuka kweNhamba Kudzora (NC) Machina
Muma1950 nema1960, michina yekudzora nhamba yakabuda sebudiriro huru.Michina iyi, inodzorwa nemakadhi epunch uye gare gare nemapurogiramu emakomupiyuta, inobvumira kuita chaiko uye kweauto machining mashandiro.Iyi tekinoroji yakagadzira nzira yeComputer Numerical Control (CNC) michina, iyo yava kuwanikwa mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano.
Kuberekwa kweProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
Ma1960 zvakare akaona kuvandudzwa kweProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs).Pakutanga yakagadzirirwa kutsiva yakaoma relay-yakavakirwa masisitimu, PLCs yakashandura maindasitiri otomatiki nekupa inochinjika uye inorongeka nzira yekudzora muchina nemaitiro.Ivo vakave vakakosha mukugadzira, kugonesa otomatiki uye kure kure kutarisa.
Robotics uye Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Kunopera kwezana ramakore rechi20 kwakaratidza kukwira kwemaindasitiri marobhoti.Marobhoti akaita seUnimate, akaunzwa mukutanga kwema1960, ndiwo aive mapiyona munharaunda iyi.Aya marobhoti ekutanga ainyanya kushandiswa kumabasa aionekwa aine njodzi kana kudzokorora kuvanhu.Sezvo tekinoroji yakavandudzwa, marobhoti akawedzera kuita zvakasiyana uye achikwanisa kubata mabasa akasiyana siyana, zvichitungamira kune pfungwa yeFlexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
Kubatanidzwa kweInformation Technology
Kunopera kwe20th uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21 kwakapupurira kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hweruzivo (IT) muindasitiri otomatiki.Kusangana uku kwakamutsa Supervisory Control uye Data Acquisition (SCADA) masisitimu uye Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES).Aya masisitimu anobvumira kutarisisa-nguva chaiyo, kuongororwa kwedata, uye nekuvandudzwa kwekuita sarudzo mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira.
Indasitiri 4.0 uye iyo Internet yezvinhu (IoT)
Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo pfungwa yeIndasitiri 4.0 yakawana mukurumbira.Indasitiri 4.0 inomiririra shanduko yechina yemaindasitiri uye inoratidzwa nekusanganiswa kwemasisitimu emuviri nedhijitari tekinoroji, AI, uye Internet yezvinhu (IoT).Iyo inofungidzira ramangwana apo michina, zvigadzirwa, uye masisitimu anotaurirana uye akabatana akazvimirira, zvichitungamira kune inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inogadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) uye Kudzidza Muchina
AI uye kudzidza kwemichina kwakabuda sevanochinja-mutambo muindasitiri otomatiki.Aya matekinoroji anogonesa michina kudzidza kubva kune data, kuita sarudzo, uye kujairana nekuchinja mamiriro.Mukugadzira, AI-powered masisitimu anogona kukwirisa masheti ekugadzira, kufanotaura zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvekushandisa, uye kunyange kuita mabasa ekudzora emhando nekurongeka kusati kwamboitika.
Marobhoti Anoshanda (Cobots)
Marobhoti anodyidzana, kana cobots, ichangobva kuitika muindasitiri otomatiki.Kusiyana nemarobhoti echinyakare maindasitiri, macobots akagadzirirwa kushanda pamwe nevanhu.Vanopa hutsva hutsva hwekushanduka-shanduka mukugadzira, zvichibvumira kubatana kwevanhu-robhoti kumabasa anoda kunyatsojeka uye kushanda.
Ramangwana: Autonomous Manufacturing uye Beyond
Tichitarisa kumberi, ramangwana remaindasitiri otomatiki rine mikana inonakidza.Kugadzira kuzvimirira, uko mafekitori ese anoshanda nekupindira kushoma kwevanhu, kwave pedyo.3D kudhinda uye yekuwedzera tekinoroji yekugadzira inoramba ichishanduka, ichipa nzira nyowani dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakaomarara nekubudirira.Quantum komputa inogona kuwedzera kukwirisa macheni ekugovera uye maitiro ekugadzira.
Mukupedzisa, shanduko yeindasitiri otomatiki yanga iri rwendo runoshamisa kubva pamazuva ekutanga emakanika kusvika kunguva yeAI, IoT, uye marobhoti.Nhanho imwe neimwe yakaunza kugona kukuru, kurongeka, uye kuchinjika kune maitiro ekugadzira.Sezvo isu takamira pane ramangwana, zviri pachena kuti maindasitiri otomatiki acharamba achigadzira nzira yatinogadzira zvinhu, kutyaira hunyanzvi uye kuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa pasi rese.Chokwadi chega ndechekuti shanduko iri kure nekupera, uye chitsauko chinotevera chinovimbisa kutonyanya kushamisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-15-2023